Should Children Be Charged With Their Crimes - 1648 Words

SHOULD CHILDREN BE CHARGED WITH THEIR CRIMES The public is often bombarded by the media about crimes committed by adolescents, but could the law itself improve their method of dealing with the youth of society? The current legislation, the Youth Justice Act, 1992, provides ‘fair and balanced’ laws that are somewhat affective in disciplining and protecting children that have relations with the youth justice system. The judicial system ensures that children be punished for their crimes and that the court is also made certain that the child has the same rights as an adult. Although they are sentenced fairly, imprisonment seems to have a lesser effect on the offender than community service. The judges are also likely to prioritise helping and rehabilitating the accused, not just punishing them (Bowen, 1994, p117). From studies completed i.e. studies completed in 2013, found that juveniles are three times more likely to commit an offence from around the ages of 15 to 19 years old. Even though this may be an outstanding factor, it can also be noted that juveniles tend to ‘grow out’ of criminal acts as they mature in age, and that their crimes are usually less serious (Healey, 2013, p5). Currently, in Queensland, the legal age of a child to be tried for a crime within the court system, is defined by when a youth has the ability to know whether their actions are right or wrong. Unlike the rest of Australia, it is stated in the Queensland Criminal Code Act 1899, section 29 (1),Show MoreRelatedThe Juvenile Court : An Adult Offender991 Words   |  4 Pagesprinciples; children at a certain age are too young to be held accountable for their actions, they are not mentally competent, and they are more likely to be rehabilitated than an adult offender. However, in the past years juvenile are committing more violent crimes that suggest they should be tried in criminal courts rather than juvenile courts. It is my belief that if a child under the age of 18 commits a violent crime they should be c harged as an adult offender. Certain criteria should be establishedRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Charged As Adults?956 Words   |  4 Pages Should Juveniles Be Charged As Adults? Juveniles are being charged as adults more regularly, being housed in adult prisons and the judicial system is using this as a type of reform. There are multiple reasons that this type of reform has become more acceptable and why some believe it depends on the charge to whether the child committing the crime should be charged as an adult, as well as why housing minors whom charged as adults should not be housed in adult facilitiesRead MoreJuveniles And The Criminal Justice System1594 Words   |  7 Pageswhether or not juveniles should ever be tried as adults. Juveniles are defined as children under the age of 18. In the past, juveniles have been tried in a separate juvenile court because of their age. However, trying juveniles as adults for violent crimes is a trend that is on the rise. Age is supposed to be a deterrent for placing those under 18 on trial and giving them stiffer punishments that are often reserved for adults. Many debate whether or not juveniles really should h ave less severe punishmentsRead MoreJuveniles And Prisons1313 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture of children in this country.† (D. Lee) An estimated 200,000 juveniles are tried as adults. The term juvenile refers to any young person under the age of 18. For most states in the United States, the age of majority is 18. While there are many things that juveniles are unable to do until they reach the age of 18, being charged as an adult for a crime is not amongst those things in some states. Juveniles are not allowed to vote, drink alcohol, or sign a legal contract, yet they can be charged andRead MoreEssay about Juveniles Should Not Be Charged Differently594 Words   |  3 Pagesonce they commit a crime. Folks think that their brain is not fully developed, but they sure do know what they are doing. If teenagers have the capability to commit a crime, there must be something between that made them act the way they did. Many blame parents for their child’s actions because they thi nk that the kids learn from parents. For example, bad behavior, drug abuse, rape, murder, etc., but teenagers should learn from their parents mistakes. Teenagers should not be charged differently, ifRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is The Highest Rate For Juvenile Crime1733 Words   |  7 Pagescan be charged as an adult, well in Japan until you are 20 you can still be charged as a minor. In germany they consider 21 a legal adult .On the other hand when you become 17 in Australia you are charged as an adult. They way they treat juveniles in prison also differs. The punishments they receive, the programs they have and the privileges they offer are all different. So why does the U.S have the highest rate for juvenile crime? The United States has the highest rate for juvenile crime yet, likeRead MoreWhen A Child Is Considered An Adult As Far As Criminal Charges Are Concerned?1015 Words   |  4 Pagesescalation to an adult punish for a non-adult being charged is based on the crime that is committed or not. Question One The point in which a person is considered an adult, assuming the person in question is under 18 years of age, depends a lot and on a number of factors. The point in which that demarcation occurs can be in the early teens and can range all the way up to 17 years old. There are legal limits in place in terms of who can be charged as an adult despite being under 18 and they vary widelyRead MoreThe Ratio Of Seriousness Of Crime1635 Words   |  7 PagesMany people believe the saying, â€Å"If you are old enough to commit the crime, you are old enough to do the time.† However, many of the people that believe this saying do not consider the ratio of seriousness of crime to age of offender. Other people may say, â€Å"Oh, they are just too young. They did not really know what they were doing.† Maybe that statement is true or maybe the juvenile offender knew exactly what he or she was doing. Who else besides the child would know? Who can accurately and fairlyRead MoreThe Juven ile Court System Should Be Abolished1489 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped, and can rehabilitate easier than adults. In all but three states, anyone charged with committing a criminal act before his or her eighteenth birthday is considered a juvenile offender. Now more than ever, states and countries have begun to question the reliability of the juvenile court. Some believe the juvenile court system should be abolished because of its insufficient gain to the community. Others believe children are not fully capable to understand the degree of their actions and the consequencesRead MoreThe Biological Characteristics Of Children842 Words   |  4 Pagesexcludes children under the age of seven from criminal liability for their actions. Children are presumed to be incapable of committing an offense. According to the law, children are incapable of making concrete mental judgments of what is right or wrong; hence, they cannot be charged with committing any form of crime. This paper seeks to discuss the various biological characteristics in children that excludes them from being accountable for their actions, the cognitive ability of children with reference

The Current State Of The Ecological Environment Essay

How can bioart be seen to embody the concept of the ritual that would have the capacity to breach the nature/culture and human/animal dichotomies in the context of ecology? Sub-Questions Background/Context Questions What is the current state of the ecological environment? Why is it urgent to address and transform the increasing culture/nature and human/animal dichotomies present in secular societies? Why should traditional concepts, namely ritual, be considered as still relevant and essential in this context? What is the current position bioart occupies in the contemporary society? Why should bioart be intersected with the ritual in the context of ecology? Main Questions In what way ritual’s form, structure and process relate to that of bioart? By what means do the key theoretical approaches on ritual, namely performance, communication, ecology, aesthetics and semiotics echo in bioart? How the paradigmatic concepts on ritual, such as agency, dynamics, embodiment, liminality, transmission and virtuality, correspondingly resonate in bioart? What kinds of rituals biotechnological practices could be seen to entail? Does bioart provide new kinds of rites? Why seeing bioart as ritual is important? Does and if so, how, can bioart as ritual have the capacity to transform human and nonhuman relationship as well as bridge the culture/nature dichotomy? In what way does this approach affect the concept of bioart itself and how does it change its role in the society? WhyShow MoreRelatedThe Bronfenbrenner Theory Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe composition of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory cultivate a framework to study the numerous connections between the developing child from mother and father relationships to the environment, community settings, cultural influences and financial factors. The four levels of environmental stimuli the micro- , meso- , exo- and macrosystems, each intermingled within one another representing degrees of personal connections. Change and constancy are mediated by the passage of time. The chronosystemRead MoreEssay about Canada: Globalization and Sustainable Development1486 Words   |  6 Pagesoccurrence of globalization, sustainable development, and the ecological footprint are all seemingly connected in today’s environmental capacities. To further understand these environmental processes, one must divulge into these individual environmental concepts to properly understand their facilitati ons. Furthermore, according to professor Vamvakas â€Å"a major theme of Sustainable development is the alternative to the destruction of the world environment by the economic imperative of globalization† (VamvakasRead MoreEconomic Sustainability And The Problems Facing The Global Population Of A Large Scale Than Regular Human Choice1369 Words   |  6 Pagessustainability and whether or not it is compatible with ecological sustainability through comparisons of countries with a high Gross Domestic Product and their quality of life. The main idea behind this research question is whether or not the amount of ecological destruction for human needs matches the amount of consumption currently occurring globally; insinuating that mans need is far less than the destruction for mans greed. Ecological Sustainability: Importance and the problems it faces OneRead MoreContemporary Management Of Traditional Forest1274 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States. Over eighteen million acres on 334 tribal reservation in 36 states are forests and woodlands (IFMAT). These forested ecosystems are vital to tribal communities therefore it is important to address frameworks offered for co-managing resources. Despite the popular assumption, Indian tribes have managed lands for thousands of years prior to Euro-American settlement. Tribal communities relied on traditional knowledge to sustain their livelihoods. Traditional ecological knowledge isRead More Teaching Students Ecological Literacy In the Secondary English Classroom1696 Words   |  7 PagesTeaching Students Ecological Literacy In the Secondary English Classroom In todays world, we are bombarded with industry, economic advancement, and progressivism with new technology. As our world becomes more high tech and produces more products for our consumer world, we may soon face many environmental problems, due to our over-consumption of resources and our excessive, industrial lifestyles. Within all curriculums, I find it highly important to address these issues concerningRead MoreMy Views On America Moving Toward A Sustainable Society1740 Words   |  7 Pagesall we’ve discussed about the ecologic condition of the planet now and if current consumption patterns continue tell me your views on whether you think Americans as a whole are moving toward a sustainable society. If not what are your views on one or two changes to these patterns that could improve potential for achieving a sustainable society. My views on America moving toward a sustainable society, looking at our current pattern could be highly achievable. Our generation is becoming aware thatRead MoreHow is sustainable development linked to ecological footprint?1552 Words   |  7 Pages How is sustainable development linked to ecological footprint? According to the Brundtland Report, sustainable development is defined as â€Å"development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.† In this definition, two challenges are worth nothing: meeting the needs of world’s poor, as well as the environmental limitations brought about by technological advancements and social organizations. According to Ruzevicius (2010)Read MoreSolution to the Current Global Economy: Judaism and Economic Reform, by Norman Solomon1103 Words   |  5 Pagesreligious base solutions. While discussing two major economic problems that plague the world’s current economy, Solomon introduces the Jewish view of the global economy and their general view on economics as a whole. With this introduction to the Jewish worldview of economics we as readers are able to transition into understanding Solomon’s solutions of education using Jewish law to improve the current state of the global economy. Although Solomon’s ideas of education and relying on Jewish law to improveRead MoreEcological Services of Rivers Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesEcological Services of Rivers R Kuzniar Abstract What is the concept of ecological services? What are ecological services of rivers and why are they important? What ecological services of rivers will decline due to human influence and why they will decline? Keywords: purification, wildlife, decline Ecological Services of Rivers What is an ecological service? An ecological service is an ecosystem which serves all living organisms through all types of environmental purifications. WeRead More1. Background The environmental problems that the world has been suffering from in the last 1001300 Words   |  6 Pagesenvironmental economics and ecological economics. Environmental economics is a sub-discipline under the traditional economics field that emphases on present environmental issues. This sub-discipline emerged in the 1950s and 1960’s after the recognition that the environment have to be included in the market system while the economy core remained the same (Pearce et al., 1993). It takes raw environmental materials as income (i.e.: harvest wheat and sell it) without accounting any ecological limitations (Sullivan

Ethical Issues for IT Security Personnel - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEthical Issues for IT Security Personnelfor Data and Information. Answer: Introduction Most of the IT professionals are facing the ethical issues involve with privacy. The issues rise when one person read the private email of the network users. Key loggers are placed on the machine to capture everything that is displayed into the computer or laptop screen. In this way, the data and information from one computer is stolen and it is shared with others. Identification of the Ethical Issues The two ethical issues are privacy and manipulation of the data. Privacy is an ethical issue where the data and information of one person is being stolen and unauthorized use by other. All people should have equal need for privacy [5]. Each of the individuals should keep their own data private and password protected. When an employee get access to other employees emails, then reading someone emails could embarrass that person or even the unauthorized person may be fired from its job [9]. The other ethical issues are manipulation of the data to get higher fees. Technologies and settings are configured to make the network of the client more secured. It occurs when one fails to escalate the issues into the system [6]. It becomes an ethical issue when one does not inform the company about testing failure that subject to data manipulation. Data manipulation is also done when the speed of network is slow. Then it becomes difficult to handle and control the data. Analyzing the Ethical Issues The employees can or cannot read the private email of the network users when messages are sent at the work. It is dependent on the situation [4]. The files are included emails which are automatically saved to the browser of the cache. A company may have the right to monitor everything that an employee does with the computer equipments. A network administrator has the right to access the data on the system on the network. The administrator can able to access encrypted data if they have access to the recovery agent account. When one employee reads email, then there is required to disclose the policy to them [2]. There should be a policy manual of the company that discloses what an employee can do and what cannot. Most of the employees relay on the emails to communicate with each other. Only an authorized person can access the data and information in the emails. A strict company policy can lessen the loss of important data. Monitoring of employee emails are part of their job. In the workplace, it is required to block the pornography sites so that it creates a hostile working environment. In this case, the network administrator can access the employees computer during working hours to access those unauthorized sites [7]. Therefore, they can investigate if any of the employees are doing such work and they can take strict actions against the employee. Placement of key loggers on the machines such as computer and laptop is not a good thing as it can capture everything the user types in their machine [4]. As the employees machine contain some personal and important information, therefore no one has the right to access it in such a way [1]. Screen capture program is not to be used and if it is used in anyones machine, then the user should be informed about it. Monitoring and accessing of anyones data without permission is a legal issue and the unauthorized person should be punished because of it. Evaluation of the Issues and Justification When an employee complains that other employee access to their data and information from the computer, then it is termed as invasion of privacy. It refers to a situation when an employee feels that an employer violated their rights to privacy by disclosing the information gained from the source [8]. An employee has no right to read the private email of the system clients when messages are sent at the work. The outcome of this case is dependent on the state where it occurs. It is different from state to state depends on the applicable invasion of the privacy laws [3]. Situation of key loggers on the machines, for example, PC and portable devices are not something to be a good thing for as it can catch everything the client sorts in their machine. As the machine of the employee contains some individual and imperative data, along these lines nobody has the privilege to get to it in such a way. The program such as screen capture is not to be utilized and on the off chance that it is utilized as a part of anybody ought to machine, then the client to be informed about it. Checking and getting to of anybody's information without consent is a lawful issue and the unapproved individual ought to be rebuffed as a result of it [9]. When an employee provide with a written policy advising that the email messages are monitored, only then an employee has right to monitor, read as well as review the email messages. Therefore, without the permission of the employee, his or her data will not be read and reviewed. It is possible that an employee has access to machines and internet as a part of job. The misuse of internet at the workplace is a big issue in terms of employee discipline [2]. The network administrator can access to the machine, can monitor the website that an employee visit and review the amount of time that spend at that particular sites [6]. If any unethical activities are o bserved then strict actions should be taken. Conclusion It is concluded that when one representative peruses email, then there is required to uncover the strategy to them. There ought to be an arrangement manual of the organization that uncovers what an employee can do and what cannot. The vast majority of the employees transfer on the messages to speak with each other. Therefore, an employee can take strict action against the employer those has read his or her email messages or any private information. References [1]E. Park, "Ethical Issues in Cyborg Technology: Diversity and Inclusion",NanoEthics, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 303-306, 2014. [2]A. Jha and I. Bose, "A Framework for Addressing Data Privacy Issues in E-Governance Projects",Journal of Information Privacy and Security, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 18-33, 2013. [3]I. Topalli, "The Right to Privacy of Personal Information and Private Life (Privacy): The Issues Nowadays",Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013. [4]K. Kant Hiran, R. Doshi and R. Rathi, "Security Privacy issues of Cloud Grid Computing Networks",International Journal on Computational Science Applications, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 83-91, 2014. [5]Cho Gi Young, "Direction of Reforms in Electronic Communications Privacy Law with regards to latest major issues",Journal of Criminal Law, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 105-138, 2014. [6]K. Durkesh and M. Thresphine, "Security Issues and Privacy in Cloud Computing",IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 39-56, 2014. [7]D. Herrmann, "Privacy issues in the Domain Name System and techniques for self-defense",it - Information Technology, vol. 57, no. 6, 2015. [8]A. Shrivastava, "Cyber Security: Issues and Privacy",Communications on Applied Electronics, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 12-16, 2015. [9]"Ethical issues for IT security professionals", Computerworld, 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.computerworld.com/article/2557944/security0/ethical-issues-for-it-security-pr. [Accessed: 11- May- 2017].

Racism and Stereotypes in American Movies an Example of the Topic Psychology Essays by

Racism and Stereotypes in American Movies The focal point of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the concept of racism and stereotypes in American movies. For the purpose the movie selected for scrutiny and assessment is the 1971 release Shaft. The approach of this evaluation would be based on the concept of African American Studies class. Need essay sample on "Racism and Stereotypes in American Movies" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The film Shaft was released in July 2, 1971 and was distributed by the famous MGM studios. This movie with a runtime of 100 minutes was based on the screenplay and novel of John D.F. Black and Ernest Tidyman and was directed by Gordon Parks. The producer of the movie Shaft was Joel Freeman and the music was wonderfully composed by J. J. Johnson and Isaac Hayes. Students Often Tell EssayLab support:I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my girlfriendProfessional writers recommend: Help With Essay Writing. Here Is Your Life Vest!Best Essay Writing Helper Best Essay Writing Service Buy Essays Cheap Best Essay Writing Service Music in this movie is a very interesting part and is aligned with the basic theme of this paper as it is composed on predominantly black themes with complete alignment with African American musical tradition. But before the movie is taken into consideration for analysis it would be most relevant to look into the aspect of racism and stereotypes within the perspective of the American society. (Johnson, 1999, ix-xi) One of the most compelling developments of our age is the recognition of multicultural of multiracial society and how they translate to each and every inpidual. The challenge is not just in recognizing other races but more importantly the culture and heritage of people must also be recognized. The emergence of African American Studies as an important field of study is a recognition of the struggle against racial discrimination and oppression (Giddings, 1994, 153-156). Today, there have been significant strides in institutionalizing the development of programs that are studying the best approaches and methods to bring the concerns of the African Americans in society in the countrys premiere Universities such as Temple and Harvard. Recent studies in the field indicate that though there are no more significant explicit social barriers to African Americans, they are still challenged by historical marginalization and disenfranchisement. Thus, African American studies still serves as a platform for the valuation of those of African descent in the United States: exploring the social, economic, cultural and political history of America that includes African Americans. There is a realization that though society has changed its perspectives, it has yet to deal with the social operations and dynamics that dampen the development of the African American sectors in the society. In effect, by not being able to take the opportunities that are supposed to alleviate them they are being further stressed by the censure of failure and personal responsibility for their lives (Giddings, 1994, 178-180). Peoples distrust or reservation of other races or cultures is to be expected: it is very natural to fear the unfamiliar. That is why there is a need for conscious and collective actions to change society. One of the most urgent concerns is the assurance of economic opportunities which should be considered an integral component of any social program to address the issue. The development of various alliance among groups within the community that have shown better success in eliciting response from the most distressed among African Americans: the youth and women. These efforts have efforts have achieved success because they have taken into consideration similar trends among other social that suffer marginalization. For example, one of the major issues that have to deal with is the prevalence of crimes against and attributed to African Americans. This state of affairs which has become a clich in effect is not only a civil problem but also has become detrimental to all African Americans within and outside their communities. The consensus is that there very few opportunities left to offenders who fit the clich that it is easy to be caught in a downward spiral. Thus, programs dealing with offenders need the creation of support and prevention groups that consider the social context of African Americans. The critical course of action is to consider the realities that African Americans face today. Though in theory, regulations and legislations have already addressed their emancipation, the reality is that society has not been unable to effectively meet the effects of years of oppression. The very foundation of the US capitalist society deters many and has effective limited the number of inpiduals who have had been unable to make good of the programs that have been established. In this context the basic formulation of the movie Shaft appears in an extremely interesting note. This movie can easily be denoted as a basic model of genera of movies that later became known as blaxploitation films and the film noir elements are profoundly present in this movie. The story is a simple tale of a private detective John Shaft who is of African American origin. John Shaft is seen in the movie lurking in the streets of Harlem and encounters with Italian mafia groups to retrieve the daughter of a gangster who also belongs to the African American origin. In the movie the character of John Shaft appears to be a complete stereo typed of all movie crime busters in line of James Bond model. Therefore, logically enough, it is obvious that detective in the movie would appear to us as a super cool but extremely sexy in nature. He is also very confident in the film but pattern where this movie outclassed other contemporary movies of its time was that it presented a specified point of view and this point of view is from the perception of the black community and Shaft appears to indulge everything that appears to be bearing the essence of the African American community in the movie. This is the special essence of this movie. Shaft is predominantly black and all the perceptions and perspective presented in the movie is distinctively black in nature. This movie is specifically Afrocentric in presentation. It could be mentioned that this movie easily surpassed supplementary black stereotypes with its presentation of black gangsters and black activists at the same time along with urban junkies who are black. In the movie we see time and again that the central character Shaft is making it a point with specific measures that he is dead against racialism and all sorts of racial hypocrisy. This Afrocentrism appears in the movie in a special scene with special emphasis where it is seen that a detective of the police, Lt. Androzzi, is comparing Shafts skin color with a black pen. To this Shafts answer to this act is sharp and presents the scene with a satirist approach as he points a white cup and indicates that the police detective is not that much white either. This part of movie presents the basic essence of the movie and its stand point against racial discrimination with a strong point. This is where this movie Shaft breaks all stereo types set in its previous era and became a trend setter all by itself. The pen and the cup scene is just a single example and it is enough to prove the point of the director and writers but it would be relevant to mention that such scenario and dialogues with racial vengeance are tottered all over the movie. For a democratic society with its democratic form of government system it is but an obvious choice to opt for a society that is mostly color blind. The basis custom of a democratic society is to provide its mass with a structural form that offers equality in terms of justice and social characteristic. It is an unwanted fact but it is also extremely true at the same time that racism is a curse that exists among us whether we like it or not. The curse of racial discrimination had always been there in the American society. The presence of racism is well documented in many societal domains including workplace, school, health care, and housing like simple dialogues such as My little sister hangs around with a Mexican. (Minton, 1993) It is very peculiar to consider racism is an ideology where humans are separated into various groups in the belief that some people are superior because they belong to a particular ethnic or national group. It could be summarized that racism is the result of having negative judgments, beliefs, and feelings towards certain identifiable groups. For example, the way mass media represents facts by mentioning, White girl raped by four Mexicans. Here it is interpreted as Mexican people, they are bad, black people, they are bad. (Minton, 1993) The movie Shaft comes in the confluence of culture at this juncture. The movie Shaft became a runaway hit at the box office with a cumulative gross of about $12 million. For a relatively small budget film this was a huge success. Additionally, the music score by Isaac Hayes won the best music award at the Academy Award ceremony. This proves the tremendous appeal this movie had on the mass psychology. It was almost as what they were looking for all these days. (Lamb, 2004, 327) This was no astonishment. This is because dialogues in the movie by John Shaft like You are one wise Caucasian (Johnson, 1999, 59) are more than what the black community expected from a movie of its time. The black community was hungry for a hero who was able to give back what they were used to receive. In a way Shaft became the icon of the black community. Shaft was that figure that every boy of African American origin wanted to be. This was their answer to racism. This was their response towards discrimination and inequality. The discrimination and inequality of the American society that they have taken head down and were not able to retaliate. They always wanted to retaliate and wanted so badly. Shaft was all answer to these reprisals, at least on the movie. The better part of the movie shows shaft fighting against allsorts of evils especially those with the undercurrent of undercover apartheid. The best part of this film is that the hero fights this evil while staying inside the parameters of the society in his own way and never revolted against the society. This was another huge reason for the acceptance of this movie among black youths. They never wanted to agitate openly and vigorously against the government for the better part of their life but wanted some way to release the undercurrent of frustration that they are suffering from the evil of inequality. Shaft provided them the route. No wonder Shaft was a success. In the conclusion it would be relevant to mention that the reality that has to be faced is that many African Americans are still dependent on minimum wage, are disenfranchised and have very little social or economic mobility. Though the struggle for better opportunities for them has been a long one, very few have been able to truly achieve the same opportunities that non-African Americans have enjoyed. Though there has been significant effort from all sectors and abundance of programs, the vehicles by which they are channeled are unable to meet the existing demand in society today. The need for developing programs that truly address the pertinent issues that gang violence the African American community is a concern that has repercussions to the community, industries and the nation. The greater awareness regarding issues, media recognition is proving to be effective in strengthening response and sensitivity to issues. However, this should coupled with the conscientious effort to essential sustain programs that are initiated across sectors. What is needed now in the community is a decisive and concerted effort to address an issue that maligns and deters not only African Americans but any inpidual for that matter. As a result it could be mentioned again that the aspect of racism and stereotypes within the perspective of the American society would continue to prevail and movies like Shaft would be produced. References: Giddings, Paula. 1994. When and Where I Enter: The impact of Black Women on Race and Sex in America, National Book Trust Johnson, P. 1999. Shaft: The Complete Screenplay. National Book Trust Lamb, Davis. 2004. Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. National Book Trust Minton, Lynn; 1993; Is it okay to date someone of another race; Parade, Issue December 15, 1993